Vehicular Transportation of People
The transportation of people with vehicles is a part of everyday life all over the world. Developed countries are charactererised bu a closely meshed system of roads and highways.
In order to ensure traffic safety, urban road systems are illuminated according to defined standards (and in some countries highways outside of urban areas.) Special attention is taken to traffic nodes (e.g. Crossroads, roundabouts and bridges) as well as underpasses and tunnel that have very high demands upon the type of illumination and the safety and maintenance of their lighting installation. According to the region, outdoor luminaires must be capable of withstanding extreme weather and climatic conditions, in which case the choice of luminaires is of vital importance.
Rail and shipping belong just as much to the traffic segment as do areas of stationary traffic such as as parking lots and car parks, and the apron areas if airports. Whereas n the areas of street lighting traditional characteristics such as economy, reliability and ease of maintenance are of importance, another aspects is becoming ever more decisive: upward light emission, meaning that is radiated upwards into the hemisphere. This aspect of environmental 'light pollution' should at all cost be kept to a minimum.